● About: Special courts established for the speedy disposal of priority
and long-pending cases.
● Objective: Reduce judicial backlog and uphold the Right to Speedy
Trial (Article 21).
● Nature: Temporary courts within the existing subordinate judiciary.
● Origin: Recommended by the 11th Finance Commission (2000).
Key Features
● FTSC Scheme (2019): Dedicated courts for rape and POCSO cases
under the Nirbhaya Fund.
● Implementation: Set up by State Governments in consultation with
High Courts.
● BNSS: Recommends completion of trials within 2 years and sexual
offence cases within 2 months.
● Significance: Ensures speedy justice, reduces pendency, and
protects vulnerable victims.
● Challenges: Judge shortages, infrastructure gaps, investigation
delays, and witness-related issues.